![]() ![]() Is considered capable of higher achievement – could/should do better.6 This should be across two or more settings, usually home and either at work, school or preschool. The key to diagnosis is that the symptoms are associated with functional impairment (Box 1). Negative attitude, hostile, aggressive – temper outbursts, bullyingĪDHD cannot be diagnosed simply in terms of fulfilling a certain number of listed criteria.Impulsivity – Quick reactions, not having time to think and make a decision.Hyperactivity – Constant, restless activity, with difficulty sitting still, climbing, running off, excessively talkative.Inattention – Unable to concentrate or listen for long, moving quickly from one activity to another, bored easily.Features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder 5 ODD behaviour tends to be most prominent in the preschool age group (‘terrible twos’) and in adolescence. Therefore, ODD may be considered as part of the presentation of ADHD in a large proportion of affected children and adolescents. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is commonly associated with ADHD, such that 40% of primary school children with ADHD also have diagnosable ODD, 4 and it is likely that another 40% show clinically significant features of ODD but do not reach the diagnostic threshold. 3 People with ADHD may show the full range of features (combined-type ADHD) or may just have inattention (inattentive ADHD). The features of ADHD include inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity (Table 1). 1 Environmental stressors such as premature birth may also contribute. ADHD is inherited, but the genetics are complex, with many genes making small contributions to the final phenotype. In fact, it is better considered as a spectrum, such that everyone shows some of the features to a greater or lesser extent. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is normally framed as a categorical diagnosis – either someone has it, or they do not.
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